IMPACT OF RELIGION ON THE MORAL UPBRINGING OF PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Christian religious is widely regarded as one of the most important subject in Nigeria today; it is evident that the study of Christian religious studies plays a significant impact in the morals development of pupils in most of the Nigeria societies. The subject gains its root into Nigeria education system through the European Missionaries who introduced the subject as a means of converting Nigerians into white man religion (Christianity).
The introduction of CRS as one of the subjects in arts came into being with the introduction of other categories like science and technological subjects when the federal government of Nigeria takeover most of the schools in Nigeria. It is believed that the introduction of CRS will help in the moral teaching and development of pupils in Nigeria especially the youths.
Morals define the pattern of behaviour that the society wants from the people. Certain behaviours are considered to be undesirable. For most societies, however, morals are not written in stone, or proclaimed by God above, but instead reflect local sensibilities. Different societies have different ideas about what is acceptable and not acceptable.
according to (Dombeck and Wells-moran, 2008) stated that there are only a relative few behaviors (usually including murder, and various forms of abuse, including incest and adult-child sexual contact of any sort) that are university despised by stable societies. However People are not born understanding their society’s morals. Instead, these understandings develop and mature over time.
According to (Kohlberg, 2009) stated that infants have little or no moral sense, because they are not born with an understanding of the nature of human relationships. As children reach elementary school age, they enter into the first major stage of moral understanding, known as the preconventional stage. Pre-conventional children are essentially selfish in orientation. They do not think about what behaviours will serve the greater good, but rather think in terms of what will most benefit them. They respond primarily and think of morality as a matter of following rules so as to avoid punishment. As children grow into adulthood, they typically enter into the stage of conventional moral understanding. Some children will be developmentally delayed in this regard and becomes adults who have the moral understanding of children; we call them sociopaths, narcissists, and anti-social personalities. The majority of people that do make it to the conventional moral understanding start thinking in terms of duty; a duty to promote the greater good. The study in this regard wishes to examine impact of religion on the moral upbringing of primary school pupilsusing Jos north local government Plateau State as the case study.
Religion is a powerful tool for moral reformation globally especially Christian religion which has been described by many scholars as a good weapon for reforming the behaviour and moral of all individual. This is why this work will focus on the need especially this computer age to have the- fear of God in the lives of every pupil in our school system. The Educationists have the belief that, it is through the instilling of religious consciousness that sanity can be brought into every fact of the country.
Religion can be defined as the beliefs, attitudes, emotions or behavior constituting man’s relationship with the power and principles of the universe, especially with a deity or deities. It is also an object of conscientious devotion or scrupulous care (Lawal, 2002).
It must also be remembered that this present, time, religious knowledge performance of primary school pupils is not encouraging. Therefore, the concern for issue of falling standard of Education as well as the, future of this country has inspired this research that is, it is through Christian Religious as moral reformation that things can be put into an orderly manner.
There is a pressing need in Nigeria today in every school system for quality education. It is also believed that there is a high rate of moral decadence in the country but most educationists are of the opinion that it is through the in-calculation of religious education or deep religious awareness that quality of education can be brought into the whole setup of the country. It must also be remembered that at the present time, the social behaviours of the primary school pupils is not encouraging. While due to the fact of this standard of education that is falling has also led to the study of Christian religious study.
Furthermore, civilization which is a direct result of the introduction of western education has led to a lot of offence for example robbery and other anti-social behaviour like drug abuse, are habits prevalent among primary school boys and girls and this has eaten deep into the fabric of our society. And what reduce or put a stop to all these bad behaviours is the aspect of the aim of Christian religious education. The lives of our pupils should be left in the hands of our Religious teachers who have every opportunity to bring them up in a Godly manner. The religious teacher would train them from their youth to enhance the fear and acknowledge the word of God in their daily lives.
It is also being agreed that the future of -this country lies in the hands of our youths so there is a great need to help them achieve more success academically in the field of religious knowledge as well as other branches of Education. However, there is no consensus of opinion about the nature of religion. It constitutes an adjustment to a special set of conditions and circumstances under which a society lives and functions (Ajidagba, 2002).
According to Bozman (L967), Religion is defined as the acceptance of obligations toward powers higher than man himself, with the belief that these higher power are of a personal nature, and not more blink forces.
Looking, at what Christian religious education is and once the definition of religion can be understood clearly then what is Christian religious education. How and where does it come from? The message of Christ to nations, where he is not yet heard and to find a medium by which to make itself known; In Nigeria, that medium was the formal education system which the early missionaries sought to establish in the 19th century, this is the type of education which they carne with from their own country that later resulted into Christian message in Nigeria. Out of time the people to read and understand the word of God and so as to be able to preach these words to their own neighbours. While this was the earliest form of Christian religious education in Nigeria. How then does this reform the moral of the pupils in primary schools? These shall be discussed in the next chapter.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
What really instigated the study was due the high level of immorality in most of the Nigeria societies especially in the Jos north local government of Plateau State. One of the major problems observed in this area is as a result of large number of Muslims in most areas of Jos Plateau State. The study of CRS was taught in fewer areas in Jos; some of the Muslims students tend to leave the class during CRS classes. Most of the pupils that were opportune to have knowledge on the impact of CRS on the morals development of pupils tend to forget the moral teachings of CRS as a result of family background and belief. To reduce the non-adherence to morality in the society to manageable level, a vital constituent of an effective moral learning experience need to be developed for schools and homes (Ajere, 2006). It is also believed that the government has a impact to play in the effective teaching of CRS in schools, families and other social gatherings.
According to scholars like Njoku (2012) attributed the breakdown in moral behaviour of the school pupils to teachers’ attitude and government lack of commitment to the teaching of CRS as some that are committed do not handle the subject well, which has made it almost impossible for learners to attain the set goals.
Despite the importance of Christian Religious Knowledge to the individual and nation in imparting moral values and behavioural changes, it is worthy to note that the quality of moral disposed by pupils in the society is diminishing and poor (Lawal, 2002). This is a demanding issue because of the relative importance of the subject to education excellence and moral development, if care is not taken, the country will be eroded of its moral values and cultures if trends continue like that.
Pupils nowadays are not well cultured in their mode of dressing due to poor orientation from family. This serve as a major challenge that is affecting pupils’ moral reformation.
Another problem affecting pupils’ moral reformation is bad peer pressure from colleagues and friends which goes a long in influencing their attitude in the environment.
As a result of the aforementioned problems, the research study will focus on various ways through which moral reformation will improve pupils’ behaviour via the knowledge gathered from CRS subject.
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The study examines impact of religion on the moral upbringing of primary school pupils- A Case Study of Jos North Local Government Area of Plateau State. Then, the specific purposes of the study are to:
- Examine how Christian Religious study aids the reformation of pupils’ moral in primary schools.
- Examine the relationship between the Christian religious study teacher and the pupils.
- iii. Examines how the knowledge of Christian Religious Study aids the molding of pupils’ moral.
- Examine the effect of Christian Religious Study on pupils’ academic performance in primary schools.
1.4 Research Questions
The study is guided by the following research questions:
- How does Christian Religious study aid the reformation of pupils’ moral in primary schools?
- Does any relationship exist between the Christian Religious Study teacher and the pupils?
iii. How does the knowledge of Christian Religious Study aid the molding of pupils’ moral?
- How does Christian Religious Study affect the academic performance of pupils in primary schools?
1.5 Research Hypotheses
The following hypotheses were developed for the study:
Hypothesis 1
HO: There is no significant relationship between Christian Religious Study and reformation of pupils’ moral.
H1: There is significant relationship between Christian Religious Study and reformation of pupils’ moral.
Hypothesis 2
HO: There is no significant relationship between Christian Religious Study teacher and the pupils.
H1: There is no significant relationship between Christian Religious Study teacher and the pupils.
Hypothesis 3
HO: There is no significant relationship between Christian Religious Study and the molding of pupils’ moral.
H1: There is significant relationship between Christian Religious Study and the molding of pupils’ moral.
Hypothesis 4
HO: There is no significant relationship between Christian Religious Study and academic performance of pupils in primary schools.
H1: There is significant relationship between Christian Religious Study and academic performance of pupils in primary schools.
1.6 Scope of the Study
The scope of the study is to assess impact of religion on the moral upbringing of primary school pupils- A Case Study of Jos North Local Government Area of Plateau State. In addition, the study covers what Christian Religious Studies is, its components, functions, objectives as well as how it affects pupils attitude and their academic performance.
1.7 Limitation of the Study
This research study is on Jos north Local government Area of Plateau State. Some perceived constraints may be encounter by the researcher in the course of carrying out the research work. The limitations are as follows:
- Inadequate material: Inadequate material constituted one of the limitations of the research work. The non-availability of materials like journals, textbooks etc the research study.
- Finance: The researcher also may encounter some financial constraints which will contribute in limiting the work in the sense that fund available was not enough to carry out the research to a logical conclusion.
iii. Time: Time is also another factor or limitation that may affect the research work. The limited time may not give the researcher enough opportunity to do more rigorous work.
1.8 Significance of the Study
The study on the impact of Christian religious studies (CRS) on the morals development of pupils will be of immense benefit to the entire Jos north local government of Plateau State as it will discuss the impacts the importance of CRS on the morals development of pupils in Jos north local government area, Plateaus state. The study will also address the method that offers maximum advantage in attaining the learning outcomes as stated in the objectives of the subject. Since the affective and the cognitive aspects of the lessons are equally important, there is need to select appropriate methods that shall nurture the learner’s sense of wellbeing so that the desired habits, attitudes and skills will manifest in their ethical behavior.
The significance of this study is to correct and reform the moral of the pupils.
Another significance of the study is that it will serve as an opener to learners by exposing them to the right type of value, attitude and moral in order to become a useful person in the future and a good citizen.
To this end it therefore serves as a benchmark for researchers to further evaluate the effect of Christian Religious Studies, and how it ultimately reflect in pupils’ academic performance.
Consequentially, the studies will help the society to understand the relevance of Christian Religious Studies and how it affects the reformation of pupils’ moral.
1.9 Definition of Terms
CRS: Christian Religious Studies
Christian Religious Studies (CRS): alternately known as the study of religion, is the multi-disciplinary academic field devoted to research into religious beliefs, behaviors, and institutions.
MORALS: a lesson that can be derived from a story or experience.
MORALITY: principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behaviour.
Religious studies: A religious study is the academic field of multi-disciplinary, secular study of religious beliefs, behaviors, and institutions. It describes, compares, interprets, and explains religion, emphasizing systematic, historically based, and cross-cultural perspectives.
Pupil: A person who is taught by another, especially a schoolchild or student in relation to a teacher.
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IMPACT OF RELIGION ON THE MORAL UPBRINGING OF PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS